The likes of Klebs and Löffler would be seen as the bumbling charlatans they were if they did not have the power of vested and ideological institutions supporting them. This is the case with every single one of these "microbe hunters" from past to present.
As an addendum to your excellent article in the early 1890s, Emil Von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato reported that serum taken from experimental animals who had been immunized against the "diphtheria toxin" could be used to prevent and treat "diphtheria" in humans.
Von Behring, considered by some to be the “father of immunology,” went on to develop the first "diphtheria" antitoxin and started the first human trial of serum therapy against "diphtheria" in 1892. He was awarded the first Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1901 even though his initial serum formulation was unsuccessful due to poor serum quality.
Recent investigation reveals this legendary figure to have employed fundamental methodological tricks that apparently rigged the outcome of his experiments. A detailed analysis found that he was “pretreating” the lab animals by giving them therapies “designed to alleviate toxicity.”
An exposition of von Behring’s work observed that he was “pretreating his cultures and animals with iodine trichloride and zinc chloride and using these substances to ‘disinfect’ the toxins in the cultures, gradually ramping up the doses, and thus providing the illusion of “immunity.”
Von Behring openly admitted that “immunity was not permanent and that unfavorable conditions left the animals to the same disease as if they had not been immunized.”
In 1896, the first indications that serum therapy might cause adverse events appeared when a healthy infant died from what was believed to be an anaphylactic reaction to the serum. In the child’s obituary, the father—a well-known pathologist—declared that his son’s death was “due to the injection of Behring’s serum for immunization.”
The poor-serum problem was purportedly resolved when Paul Ehrlich, considered the “father of chemotherapy,” developed standardized measuring techniques and used larger animals (horses) to derive "diphtheria" antitoxin. Later it was discovered that the horse-derived antitoxin was also associated with anaphylaxis and serum sickness.
In 1907, Dr. Charles Page asked the question, “Diphtheria: Is the Prevailing Antitoxin Treatment Only Another Medical Delusion?,” in the title to his article published in Medical Brief, A Monthly Journal of Scientific Medicine and Surgery. Page believed that improvements in sanitation would be a more effective remedy for diphtheria.
Page’s sentiment was echoed by Dr. James Cumming in an article published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1922.
Cumming pointed to the fact that mortality rates from "diphtheria" had decreased over the previous 30 years, before "diphtheria" toxoids were widely used.
He attributed this decrease to improvements in hygiene and sanitation:
“The eradication of diphtheria will not come through the serum treatment of patients, by the immunization of the well, or through the accurate clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the case and the carrier followed by quarantine; rather it will be attained through the mass sanitary protection of the populace subconsciously practiced by the people at all times.”(JAMA, 1922, p. 682.)
Nevertheless, despite the correlations between "diphtheria" and poverty, poor social conditions, poor nutrition, and poor sanitation—and despite the accompanying statistical decline of "diphtheria" in developed countries as those conditions improved—the march towards wholesale vaccination continued apace. Starting in the late 1940s, the "diphtheria" nostrum was incorporated with the tetanus toxoid, pertussis vaxx and this combination vaccine was routinely used by doctors to immunize patients against these three diseases.
“It will be noted that whereas at the time of the introduction of antitoxin in 1894 the final diagnosis of diphtheria was changed from clinical to bacteriological and resulted in the inclusion of thousands of ordinary sore throats in the diphtheria statistics and a consequent fall in the case mortality (a manoeuvre favourable to the use of the antitoxin).”
When the germ fails to cause the disease, call it "asymptomatic" or say that sometimes the disease is just really mild. When the same disease is caused by something that's not the germ, rename the disease ("pseudo-diphtheria" 😂). What a great con.
Outstanding article, thank you .
No stone left unturned ;)
Great piece.
The likes of Klebs and Löffler would be seen as the bumbling charlatans they were if they did not have the power of vested and ideological institutions supporting them. This is the case with every single one of these "microbe hunters" from past to present.
As an addendum to your excellent article in the early 1890s, Emil Von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato reported that serum taken from experimental animals who had been immunized against the "diphtheria toxin" could be used to prevent and treat "diphtheria" in humans.
Von Behring, considered by some to be the “father of immunology,” went on to develop the first "diphtheria" antitoxin and started the first human trial of serum therapy against "diphtheria" in 1892. He was awarded the first Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1901 even though his initial serum formulation was unsuccessful due to poor serum quality.
Recent investigation reveals this legendary figure to have employed fundamental methodological tricks that apparently rigged the outcome of his experiments. A detailed analysis found that he was “pretreating” the lab animals by giving them therapies “designed to alleviate toxicity.”
An exposition of von Behring’s work observed that he was “pretreating his cultures and animals with iodine trichloride and zinc chloride and using these substances to ‘disinfect’ the toxins in the cultures, gradually ramping up the doses, and thus providing the illusion of “immunity.”
Von Behring openly admitted that “immunity was not permanent and that unfavorable conditions left the animals to the same disease as if they had not been immunized.”
In 1896, the first indications that serum therapy might cause adverse events appeared when a healthy infant died from what was believed to be an anaphylactic reaction to the serum. In the child’s obituary, the father—a well-known pathologist—declared that his son’s death was “due to the injection of Behring’s serum for immunization.”
The poor-serum problem was purportedly resolved when Paul Ehrlich, considered the “father of chemotherapy,” developed standardized measuring techniques and used larger animals (horses) to derive "diphtheria" antitoxin. Later it was discovered that the horse-derived antitoxin was also associated with anaphylaxis and serum sickness.
In 1907, Dr. Charles Page asked the question, “Diphtheria: Is the Prevailing Antitoxin Treatment Only Another Medical Delusion?,” in the title to his article published in Medical Brief, A Monthly Journal of Scientific Medicine and Surgery. Page believed that improvements in sanitation would be a more effective remedy for diphtheria.
Page’s sentiment was echoed by Dr. James Cumming in an article published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1922.
Cumming pointed to the fact that mortality rates from "diphtheria" had decreased over the previous 30 years, before "diphtheria" toxoids were widely used.
He attributed this decrease to improvements in hygiene and sanitation:
“The eradication of diphtheria will not come through the serum treatment of patients, by the immunization of the well, or through the accurate clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the case and the carrier followed by quarantine; rather it will be attained through the mass sanitary protection of the populace subconsciously practiced by the people at all times.”(JAMA, 1922, p. 682.)
Nevertheless, despite the correlations between "diphtheria" and poverty, poor social conditions, poor nutrition, and poor sanitation—and despite the accompanying statistical decline of "diphtheria" in developed countries as those conditions improved—the march towards wholesale vaccination continued apace. Starting in the late 1940s, the "diphtheria" nostrum was incorporated with the tetanus toxoid, pertussis vaxx and this combination vaccine was routinely used by doctors to immunize patients against these three diseases.
It's all racketeering.
Interesting information, thank you!
“It will be noted that whereas at the time of the introduction of antitoxin in 1894 the final diagnosis of diphtheria was changed from clinical to bacteriological and resulted in the inclusion of thousands of ordinary sore throats in the diphtheria statistics and a consequent fall in the case mortality (a manoeuvre favourable to the use of the antitoxin).”
— Dr. Maurice Beddow Bayly
https://archive.org/details/the-schick-inoculation-for-immunisation-against-diptheria/mode/1up
When the germ fails to cause the disease, call it "asymptomatic" or say that sometimes the disease is just really mild. When the same disease is caused by something that's not the germ, rename the disease ("pseudo-diphtheria" 😂). What a great con.
Congratulations !(from France)
thank you - I have added a link of this article here -
What's the problem with injecting DTP jabs into babies?
https://hewettinsite.substack.com/p/whats-the-problem-with-injecting
👊